The UPSC Commerce Optional Paper is one of the most popular choices for aspirants with a background in commerce and accountancy. The 2024 UPSC Commerce Optional question paper threw a few curveballs, but with the right strategy and understanding of …
Money multiplier is a term in monetary Economics that is a phenomenon of creating money in the economy in the form of credit creation, based on the fractional reserve banking system. Money multiplier is also known as the monetary multiplier. …
Income, or output, or profits are concepts that make sense only when a time period is specified. These are called flows because they occur in a period of time. Therefore we need to delineate a time period to get a …
A repurchase agreement (repo) is a form of short-term borrowing for dealers in government securities. In the case of a repo, a dealer sells government securities to investors , usually on an overnight basis, and buys them back the following …
Net national product (NNP) is the monetary value of finished goods and services produced by a country’s citizens, overseas and domestically, in a given period. It is the equivalent of gross national product (GNP), the total value of a nation’s …
A reverse repurchase agreement, or “reverse repo”, is the purchase of securities with the agreement to sell them at a higher price at a specific future date. For the party selling the security (and agreeing to repurchase it in the …
National Disposable Income = Net National Product at market prices + Other current transfers from the rest of the world The idea behind National Disposable Income is that it gives an idea of what is the maximum amount of goods …
Real gross domestic product (GDP) is an inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of all goods and services produced by an economy in a given year (expressed in base-year prices) and is often referred to as constant-price GDP, inflation-corrected GDP, …
Nominal Gross Domestic Product is GDP evaluated at present market prices. GDP is the financial equivalent of all the complete products and services generated within a nation’s in a definite time. Nominal varies from real GDP, and it incorporates changes …

