Cranny, Smith, and Stone (1992) define job satisfaction as “an affective (that is, emotional) reaction to a job that results from the incumbent’s comparison of actual outcomes with those that …
The most important resource of an organization is it’s people. Barnard (1938) stressed that motivating participants to continue to make contributions is one of the most important activities of management. …
Modern business firm as a group of individuals who are engaged in the decision-making process relating to its internal structure having multiple goals. They deal not only with the internal …
Rational Thinking (or thinking of Rational Man) Rational man is best decision maker and consistent. However s/he rly on some assumptions. Bounded Rationality Rationality of man is bounded by certain …
Goal distortion is an extreme form of goal displacement. It implies misunderstanding or misapplication of organisational goals. In an organisation, there may be several cases of goal distortions particularly when …
Goal succession refers to the situation where the new or modified goals are incorporated or substituted for the existing one in such a manner that they do not change the …
Goal displacement means moving away from the intended goal. When organisations over-emphasise the rules and regulations to achieve the goals, members start placing so much importance to the rules that …